Definisi demam berdarah atau dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf ialah penyakit demam akut terutama menyerang pada anakanak, dan saat ini cenderung polanya berubah ke orang dewasa. The first major outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf. Hemorrhagic fevers viral page 1 of 7 hemorrhagic fevers viral table of contents overview about viral hemorrhagic fevers vhf cdc webpage vhf about diseasespecific viral hemorrhagic fever cdc webpage arenaviridae. Viral hemorrhagic fevers are diseases caused by viruses which belong to different families, many of them causing severe diseases. Gejala yang ditimbulkan dengan manifestasi perdarahan dan bertendensi menimbulkan shock yang dapat menimbulkan kematian.
Call 7182221065 for more info on finding solutions for dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Other members of the same genus include yellow fever virus, west nile virus, zika virus, st. Infection with one of these serotypes provides lifelong immunity to the infecting. To view the erratum, please click here dengue fever is a mosquitotransmitted disease caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4 of the genus flavivirus. Guerdan, md, mph abstract in september 2009 the first documented, locally acquired cases of dengue fever in eighty years were diagnosed in individuals living in or visiting key west, florida. Viruses are then transferred to another person being bitten by an infected mosquito. New world or tacaribe complex guanarito virus, junin virus, machupo virus, sabia virus. For patients presenting 1 week after fever onset, an igm test is most useful. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Dhf is also called philippine, thai, or southeast asian hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. A syndrome due to the dengue virus that tends to affect children under 10, causing abdominal pain, hemorrhage bleeding and circulatory collapse. However, the overlap of geographic distribution and early clinical features between the two conditions make a reliable diagnosis difficult in the initial stage of illness.
It is a mosquitoborn disease caused by genus aedes. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. Dengue shock syndrome is defined as dengue hemorrhagic fever plus. Jan 01, 2009 dengue shock syndrome is defined as dengue hemorrhagic fever plus. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a severe, potentially deadly infection spread by some mosquitos. Countries or territories in which dengue or dengue haemorrhagic fever is known to occur, by who region, 19751996 pdf, 26kb annex 2. Guidelines on clinical management of dengue fever dengue.
Mild dengue fever causes high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. A pandemic of dengue began in southeast asia after world war ii and has spread around the globe since then. It causes abdominal pain, hemorrhage bleeding, and circulatory collapse shock. Since 1989 progressively large epidemics have been occuring more frequently involving a greater. About 50100 million dengue fever infections occur every year in tropical and subtropical countries 2 see figure 1. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf are caused by one of four closely related, but antigenically distinct, virus serotypes den1, den2, den3, and den4, of the genus flavivirus. Dengue hemorrhagic fever can occur when someone is bitten by a mosquito or exposed to blood infected with the dengue virus. If you are out in the boondocks and come down with dengue fever, consider evacuating immediately to somewhere with such a hospital. Dengue fever is an acute febrile disease caused by infection with one of the serotypes of dengue virus.
Clinical diagnosis what to look for when you evaluate patients for dhf how to treat dengue fever clinical management laboratory diagnosis epidemiology dengue is a mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, 2, 3, and 4. Management and control of viral haemorrhagic fevers. Centers for disease control and prevention clinical diagnosis dengue classic dengue fever, or break bone fever, is characterized by acute onset of high fever 314 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. This increase is believed to be to be due to multiple factors. Clinical diagnosis 15 the most common haemorrhagic phenomenon is a positive tourniquet test, easy bruising and bleeding at venepuncture sites. It is a vasculopathy that consists in endothelial lesions which allow plasma leakage and hemorrhages.
Mar 16, 2017 viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a group of febrile illnesses caused by rna viruses from several viral families. About 50100 million cases of dengue fever and 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, resulting in around 24,000 deaths, are reported annually18. It is also found in queensland, australia, the tropical south pacific, africa, tropical parts of north and south america, including the caribbean and mainland central america dengue is not infectious between people. Dengue is the most common and important arthropodborne viral arboviral illness in humans. Viral hemorrhagic fever has been associated with high mortality rate which brought serious concern for public health worldwide and. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a group of febrile illnesses caused by rna viruses from several viral families.
Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011. May 03, 2019 the first dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in the americas occurred in cuba in 1981 and involved serotype 2 dengue denv2, with hundreds of thousands of cases of dengue in both children and adults, 24,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever, 10,000 cases of dengue shock syndrome, and 158 reported deaths. Dengue haemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, risk factors, predictor, haematocrit introduction dengue fever is an endemic infective disease in malaysia. Clark dengue branch, division of vectorborne infectious diseases, centers for disease control and prevention, san juan, puerto rico abstract. Page 1 objective at the end of the session the learner will be able to. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Since the first reported outbreak of dengue fever in 1965, there had been outbreaks on and off until the recent past affecting some densely populated areas. The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, with estimates of 40%50% of the worlds population at risk for the. Dengue denggay fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Transmission aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector that transmits the dengue virus from person to person. If your case does develop into dhf, then you will urgently need treatment but might be in no shape to travel. Dengue virus is found in many tropical parts of the world including the caribbean, central and south america, asia and africa.
Symptoms include frontal headache, retroorbital pain, myalgias, arthralgias, hemorrhagic manifestations, rash, and. It is an arboviral infection caused by the family flaviviridae. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever are fever that lasts from 2 to 7 days, vomiting blood, drowsiness, bleeding from nose or gums. Dengue fever in the united states centers for disease. It can occur when a person who has acquired immunity to one of the viruses that cause dengue fever is infected by a different dengue virus. Clinical management of patients with viral haemorrhagic fever. Pathophysiology and management of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Burke, evidence that maternal dengue antibodies are important in the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever in infants, american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Communitybased integrated control of aedes aegypti. A 16yearold boy presented with a history of hematemesis and highgrade fever. Dengue fever in the united states page 2 of 4 april 2012 health authorities on the island, and they really had to balance their concerns with the tourist bureaus, which i think was a very interesting thing, because hawaiis economy is so dependent.
It is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus aedes, which are widely distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of the world see the image below. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide crossprotective immunity, so persons living in a dengue endemic area can have four dengue infections. Description there was a slight gist of hope for all since doh has reported an 8. Dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue fever dengue hemorrhagic fever bruce r. It is spread to humans mainly by the aedes aegypti mosquito, which is found in tropical regions. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions.
Dengue fever breakbone, dengue hemorrhagic fever dengue fever is a mosquitoborne disease caused by one type of dengue virus. Dengue and yellow feverchallenges for the development and use of vaccines. The severity of dhf is categorized into four grades. Known also as dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, it starts abruptly with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms with sore throat.
Current and historical conditions indexed list of current and historical nationally notifiable conditions. Viral haemorrhagic fever hf is a term first coined by russian physicians in the 1940s to describe a syndrome comprised of fever, a. Dengue hemorrhagic fever sweden pdf ppt case reports. Dengue hemorrhagic fever may arise from repeated infection with different serotypes of the dengue virus. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Dengue fever has now become the most important communicable disease in sri lanka.
Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact on. The pathology of dengue hemorrhagic fever request pdf. Dengue hemorrhagic fever definition of dengue hemorrhagic. Dec 07, 2018 some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are endemic in pakistan. Viral hemorrhagic fevers fact sheet centers for disease. A global public health problem dengue bulletin vol 21, 1997 3 haemorrhages. These highly infectious viruses lead to a potentially lethal disease syndrome characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting, mucosal and gastrointestinal gi bleeding, edema, and hypotension. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. Infection with one of these serotypes does not provide crossprotective immunity, so persons living in a dengueendemic area can have four dengue infections during their lifetimes. It is felt that competent mosquito vectors are located in twentyeight of the fifty states.
Crimeancongo hemorrhagic fever in a dengueendemic region. It is an acute illness of sudden onset that usually follows a benign course with symptoms such as headache, fever, exhaustion, severe muscle and joint pain, swollen lymph nodes lymphadenopathy, and rash. Treatment includes rehydration and recovery is expected. Large epidemics of hemorrhagic fevers in mexico 15451815 pdf. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne viral illness found throughout the. Jul 15, 2009 the spectrum of disease manifestations is wide, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, through varying degrees of thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage that is typical of dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, to a severe shock syndrome and multiorgan failure.
Download as pptx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which. A second exposure to the virus can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, a. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. Viral hemorrhagic fevers include ebola, marburg, lassa fever, dengue fever, and other hemorrhagic diseases. Nevertheless, we should not be at ease of this since the peak season of dengue fever is still somewhere between the months of july and august. The clinical spectrum of the disease ranges from dengue fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Convalescence, however, may be prolonged for weeks with weakness and depression. Transmission of denv has increased dramatically in the past two decades making denv the most important human pathogens among arthropodborne viruses 1. Treating dengue hemorrhagic fever requires the resources of a modern hospital.
Characteristically, the overall vascular system is damaged, and the bodys ability to regulate itself is impaired. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact. When marburg disease appeared for the first time in 1967, the scientific world was struck by. In 1958, hemorrhagic became a notifiable disease in the country and was later reclassified as dengue hemorrha. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. The presence of fever, itchy rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue. A second exposure to the virus can result in dengue hemorrhagic fever, a lifethreatening illness. Weak rapid pulse, narrow pulse pressure less than 20 mm hg or, cold, clammy skin and restlessness grading of dengue fever.
Risk factors associated with development of dengue. Dengue fever is generally selflimiting and rarely fatal, the acute illness lasting 3 to 7 days. In 1958, hemorrhagic became a notifiable disease in the country and was later reclassified as dengue hemorrhagic fever. These highly infectious viruses lead to a potentially lethal disease syndrome characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting, mucosal and gastrointestinal gi. Fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever in adults during a dengue.
Emergence of epidemic denguedengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health problem in the americas. Known also as dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, it starts abruptly with high continuous fever and headache plus respiratory and intestinal symptoms with sore throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. In general, the term viral hemorrhagic fever is used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome multisystem in that multiple organ systems in the body are affected. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue and yellow fever challenges for the development and use of vaccines. Louis encephalitis virus, japanese encephalitis virus, tickborne encephalitis virus, kyasanur forest disease virus, and omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Viral hemorrhagic fevers vhfs refer to a group of illnesses caused by several families of viruses, including. Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever institute of tropical medicine. Malaysia reported its first case of df in 1902 and dhf in 1962. Radiological appearance and their significance in the.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever diseases and disorders medical. Usually dengue fever is a mild illness, but for some adults it can be more severethe hemorrhagic form is. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, a severe form of the disease, can cause hemorrhage, shock, and encephalitis. Dengue fever has emerged as a global public health problem in the recent decades. Analysis of repeat hospital admissions for dengue to estimate the frequency of third or fourth dengue infections resulting in admissions and dengue hemorrhagic fever, and serotype. Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention. For patients presenting during the first week after fever onset, diagnostic testing should include a test for dengue virus rtpcr or ns1 and igm figure 401. In other words, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf is a specific syndrome that tends to affect children under 10. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Aug 25, 2019 dengue fever, or west nile fever, is a mild viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes which causes fever, rashes and muscle and joint aches. Dengue hemorrhagic fever nursing care management and study guide. Philippine hemorrhagic fever was first reported in 1953. Disease surveillance and outbreak prevention and control pdf, 58kb chapter 7.